8th Social Science Lesson 1 - Advent of the Europeans  Book Answers

I. Choose the correct answer

1.Who laid the foundation of Portuguese power in India?

(a) Vasco da Gama

(b) Bartholomew Diaz

(c) Alfonso de Albuquerque

(d) Almeida

Answer:

(c) Alfonso de Albuquerque

2.Which of the following European Nation was the foremost attempt to discover a sea route to India?

(a) Dutch

(b) Portugal

(c) France

(d) Britain

Answer:

(b) Portugal

3.In 1453 Constantinople was captured by ……………

(a) The French

(b) The Turks

(c) The Dutch

(d) The British

Answer:

(b) The Turks

4.Sir William Hawkins belonged to …………….

(a) Portugal

(b) Spain

(c) England

(d) France

Answer:

(c) England

5.The first fort constructed by the British in India was ……………

(a) Fort St. William

(b) Fort St.George

(c) Agra fort

(d) Fort St. David

Answer:

(b) Fort St.George

6.Who among the following Europeans were the last to come India as traders?

(a) The British

(b) The French

(c) The Danish

(d) The Portuguese

Answer:

(b) The French

7.Tranqueber on the Tamilnadu coast was a trade centre of the ……………

(a) The Portuguese

(b) The British

(c) The French

(d) The Danish

Answer:

(d) The Danish

II. Fill in the Blanks

1.National Archives of India (NAI) is located in ……………..

Answer : New Delhi

2.Bartholomew Diaz, a Portuguese sailor was patronized by ………………

Answer : King John II

3.The printing press in India was set up by …………….. at Goa in 1556.

Answer : Portuguese

4.The Mughal Emperor …………….. permitted the English to trade in India.

Answer : Jahangir

5.The French East India Company was formed by ……………..

Answer: Colbert

6. …………….. the King of Denmark issued a charter to create Danish East India company.

Answer : Christian IV

IV. State true or false

1.Auto biography is one of the written sources.

Answer:

True

2.Coins are one of the material sources.

Answer:

True

3.Ananda Rangam was a translator served under British.

Answer:

False

Correct statement:

Ananda Rangam was a translator served under French.

4.The place where historical documents are preserved is called archives.

Answer:

True

V. Consider the following statements and tick (V) the appropriate answer.

1.(i) Governor Nino de Cunha moved Portuguese capital from Cochin to Goa.

(ii) Portuguese were the last to leave from in India.

(iii) The Dutch founded their first factory at Surat.

(iv) Sir Thomas Roe was sent to Jahangir’s court by King James I of England.

(a) i & ii are Correct.

(b) ii & iv are Correct.

(c) iii is correct

(d) i, ii & iv are correct.

Answer:

(d) i, ii & iv are correct

2.1.Find out the wrong pair

2.Francis Day – Denmark

3.Pedro Cabral – Portugal

4.Captain Hawkins – Britain

5.Colbert – France

Answer:

1. Francis Day – Denmark

VI. Answer the following in one or two sentences.

1.Give a short note on Archives?

Answer:

• The place where historical documents are preserved is called the Archives.

• The National Archives of India (NAI) is located in New Delhi.

2.Write about the importance of Coins.

Answer:

• Coins are a good source to know about administrative history. As compared to the literary sources the chances of manipulation are very less in the case of coins. Thus they are an authentic archaeological source.

3.Why Prince Henry is called ‘Henry the Navigator’?

Answer:

• Prince Henry encouraged his countrymen to take up the adventurous life of exploring the unknown regions of the world. So he is called “Henry the Navigator”.

4.Name the important factories established by the Dutch in India.

Answer:

• After their arrival in India, the Dutch founded their first factory in Masulipatnam, (Andhra Pradesh) in 1605. The other important factories in India were Pulicat, Surat, Chinsura, Kasim bazaar, Patna, Nagapatnam, Balasore and Cochin.

5.Mention the trading centers of the English in India.

Answer:

• Surat, 

• Agra, 

• Ahmadabad

•  Broach

VII. Answer the followin

Answer:

Source of Modern India:

• The sources of modem India help us to know the political, socio-economic, and cultural developments in the country.

History can be written with the help of two sources namely,

1. Primary Sources
2. Secondary Sources

Primary Sources:

• Primary sources are written sources. After the advent of the printing press, numerous books were published in different languages.

• Hence, people began to acquire knowledge like art, literature, history, and science.

• Written sources include Literatures, Travel accounts, Diaries, Pamphlets, Auto Biographies, Government Documents & Manuscripts.

Secondary Sources:

• Secondary sources are material sources. Many paintings and statues give us a lot of information and the achievement of national leaders and historical personalities.

• Historical buildings like St. Francis Church, St. Louis fort, St. George fort, St. David fort, India Gate, Parliament House, President House are different styles and techniques of Indian architecture.

• Coins are also a good source to know about administrative history and economic history.

2.How did the Portuguese establish their trading centers in India?

Answer:

1. In A.D. 1498, Vasco da Gama reached Calicut, where he was cordially received by King Zamorin, the ruler of Calicut. A second Portuguese navigator, Pedro Alvares Cabral, sailed towards India in 1500.

2. Vasco da Gama came to India for the second time in 1501 with 20 ships and founded a trading centre at Cannanore.

3. One after another, they established factories at Calicut and Cochin.

4. King Zamorin attacked the Portuguese in Cochin but was defeated.

5. Cochin was the first capital of the Portuguese East India Company.

6. In 1505, Francisco de Almeida was sent as the first Governor for the Portuguese possessions in India.

7. Almeida had the aim of developing the naval power of the Portuguese in India. His policy was known as the “Blue Water Policy”.

8. Sultans of Bijapur and Gujarat were also apprehensive of the expansion of Portuguese control of ports which led to an alliance between Egypt, Turkey, and Gujarat against Portuguese invaders.

9. In a naval battle fought near Chaul, the combined Muslim fleet won a victory over the Portuguese fleet under Almeida’s son.

10. Almeida defeated the combined Muslim fleet in a naval battle near Diu, and by the year 1509, Portuguese claimed the naval supremacy in Asia.

11. The real founder of the Portuguese power in India was Alfonso de Albuquerque who captured Goa and established the Portuguese authority over Ormuz in the Persian Gulf.

12. Governor Nino de Cunha moved the capital from Cochin to Goa in 1530. In 1534, he acquired Bassein from Bahadur Shah of Gujarat, in 1537.

13. During the 16th century, the Portuguese succeeded in capturing Goa, Daman, Diu, Salsette, Bassein, Chaul, and Bombay on the western coast, Hooghly on the Bengal coast, and San Thome on the Madras coast and enjoyed good trade benefits.

3.How did the British establish their trading centers in India?

Answer:

• The English captain Thomas Best, inflicted a severe defeat over the Portuguese in a naval battle near Surat.

• The Mughal Emperor Jahangir permitted the English to establish their factory at Surat in 1613.

• Captain Nicholas Downton won another decisive victory over the Portuguese in 1614.

• These events enhanced the British prestige at the Mughal court. In 1615, Sir Thomas Roe was sent to Jahangir’s court by King James I of England.

• Before the Departure of Thomas Roe, the English had established their trading centres at Surat, Agra, Ahmadabad, and Broach.

VIII. Map Skill

1.On the river map of India, mark the following trading centres of the Europeans.

Calicut

Cochin

Madras

Pondicherry

Surat

Chinsura

Pulicat

Calcutta

Answer:

IX. HOTs

1.How did the fall of Constantinople affect the European nations?

Answer:

1. Turkey entered North Africa and the Balkan Peninsula.
2. It encouraged the European Nations to discover new sea routes to eastern countries.

X. Student Activity

1.Prepare a chart on the kinds of sources of Modern India.

Answer:

• Kinds of Sources of Modern India.

Hints:

• Artifacts from Archeological sites coins, monuments, inscriptions, travelogues, and autobiographies are primary sources of information for modem history, it also includes government reports, letters, photographs maps diaries, newspapers, and films.